Autsim spectrum

• A pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that often interferes with a person’s ability to communicate with and relate to others. This may be associated behavior problems .Autism is a brain disorder that limits a person’s ability to communicate and relate to other people. It first appears in young children, who fall along a spectrum from mild to severe. Some people can navigate their world; some have exceptional abilities, while others struggle to speak. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect about one child in 68, striking nearly five times as many boys as girls.

• • Step 1.

in use or understanding of social communication and social interaction in multiple contexts, not accounted for by general developmental delays, and manifest by all 3 of the following:.

• • Step 2.

Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction; ranging from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication, through abnormalities in eye contact and body language, or deficits in understanding and use of nonverbal communication, to total lack of facial expression or gestures.

• • Step 3.

Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity; ranging from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back and forth conversation through reduced sharing of interests, emotions, and affect and response to total lack of initiation of social interaction

• • Step 4.

Deficits in developing and maintaining relationships appropriate to developmental level (beyond those with caregivers); ranging from difficulties adjusting behavior to suit different social contexts through difficulties in sharing imaginative play and in making friends to an apparent absence of interest in people.

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities as manifested by 3 of the following:

• Stereotyped

• Repetitive speech

• Motor movements

• • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavioror use of objects; (such as simple motor stereotypies, echolalia, repetitive use of objects, or idiosyncratic phrases) Excessive adherence to routines, ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior, or excessive resistance to change: (such as motoric rituals, insistence on same route or food, repetitive questioning, or extreme distress at small changes Highly restricted, fixated interests that is abnormal in intensity or focus; (such as strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or perseverative interests)Hyper-or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of environment; (such as apparent indifference to pain/heat/cold, adverse response to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, fascination with lights or spinning objects).

Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Conditions such as:

• Hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, and liver or kidney diseases can impact brain function due to imbalances in hormones and metabolic processes. Hypoxia Insufficient oxygen supply to the brain, whether from respiratory disorders, cardiac arrest, or drowning, can result in cognitive impairments. Brain Tumors Growths in the brain, whether benign or malignant, can disrupt normal brain function and lead to various mental and cognitive issues.