Learning Disablilities

The student experiences difficulty learning and using academic skills in specific areas such as decoding words, reading comprehension, spelling, written expression, or mathematics skills for at least 6 months despite the provision of interventions that target those difficulties. The student’s level of specific academic skill is substantially below what would be expected given the student’s chronological age. This significantly interferes with academic performance or other areas of daily living. The learning difficulties began during school-age years. The learning difficulties are not better accounted for by other individual factors such as the presence of an intellectual disability, inadequate exposure to academic instruction in the language of proficiency, psychosocial adversity, or other mental or neurological disorders.

Vascular Disease, HIV, Huntington’s disease

Dementia is usually of a chronic progressive disorder due to death of neurons, in which there is disturbance of cortical functions, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement and interferes with personal activities of daily living, such as washing, dressing, eating, personal hygiene, excretory and toilet activities. This disorder is seen in above 65 years of age in medical conditions like Alzheimer’s, Vascular Disease, HIV, Huntington’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and others.

Amnesia is other prominent impairment of recent and remote memory. While immediate recall is preserved, the ability to learn new material is markedly reduced.

To severe spasticity (see muscle spasticity)

A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain.

A heterogeneous group of non-progressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see muscle spasticity) in all limbs.

Spastic diplegia (little disease)

Spastic diplegia (little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with leukomalacia, periventricular. (from dev med child neurol 1998 aug;40(8):520-7).Birth injury of the brain nerve that controls body movement.Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and to maintain balance and posture. The disorders appear in the first few years of life. Usually they do not get worse over time. People with cerebral palsy may have difficulty walking.

Heterogeneous groupof non-progressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms.